沈阳市区30～50岁成人上呼吸道微生态状况分析(1)
[摘要]目的 了解健康成年人上呼吸道菌群多样性及优势菌群构成，为从微生态角度预防以口咽部为门户的呼吸道感染提供科学依据。方法 随机选取2012年4～6月60名沈阳市区30～50岁健康成人作为研究对象，使用无菌咽拭子采集标本，对菌群进行定量分析、定性鉴定。结果 60名沈阳市区30～50岁健康成人咽后壁的需氧菌群与厌氧菌群之比为2.51：1；检出率较高的需氧菌及厌氧菌包括缓症链球菌、口腔链球菌、唾液链球菌、干燥奈瑟球菌、灰色奈瑟球菌及麻疹孪生球菌、普氏厌氧球菌、韦荣球菌、丙酸丙酸杆菌等，检出率较高的菌，其菌株构成比也较高。结论 沈阳市区30～50岁健康成人咽后壁检出率和构成比都较高的需氧菌和厌氧菌共同构成上呼吸道口咽部优势菌群，在维持呼吸系统微生态固有平衡中起重要作用，进一步阐明其生态学意义，能够为呼吸道益生菌的备选菌株应用于呼吸道活菌制剂的开发研究提供理论依据。
[关键词]呼吸道；需氧菌；厌氧菌；微生态；成人
[中图分类号] R117 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)03(a)-0156-03
[Abstract]Objective To understand the diversity of the upper respiratory tract microflora and the constitution of dominant microflora in healthy adults so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of respiratory tract infections via oral approach.Methods Altogether 60 healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang from April to June in 2012 were randomly selected as the objects of this research.The samples were collected through aseptic throat swab.The quantitative analysis and qualitative identification of microflora were made.Results The proportion between postpharyngeal aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in 60 healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang was 2.51：1；the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with higher detection rate included Streptococcus mitis，Streptococcus oralis，Streptococcus salivarius，Neisseria sicca，Neisseria cinerea and Measles twin cocci，Anaerococcus prevotii，Veillonella，Propionibacterium propionicus etc.；the bacteria with higher detection rate also had higher constituent ratio of strains.Conclusion The dominant microflora of upper respiratory tract pharynx is constituted by both the postpharyngeal aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with higher detection rate and higher constituent ratio in healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang，which plays an important role in maintaining the inherent ecological balance in the respiratory system，further clarifies its ecological significance，and provides a theoretical basis for the research on application of alternative probiotic strains in development of respiratory bacteria preparation.
[Key words]Respiratory tract；Aerobic bacteria；Anaerobic bacteria；Micro-ecology；Adult
呼吸道是與外界相通的开放性腔道，受环境的影响较大。在健康人的咽部寄居着一定种类和数量的正常微生物群，即呼吸道正常菌群。在外界因素影响下，这些正常菌群不断演替以维持呼吸系统微生态的动态平衡[1]。在环境污染、抗生素滥用等因素的影响下，正常菌群中的某些菌株会转变为条件致病菌[2]。由于呼吸道菌群定性与定量上的稳定性受外环境的影响较大，因此给临床呼吸道感染的治疗增加了很多难度，这使得从微生态学角度预防和治疗呼吸道感染势在必行。通过适时、适当、适量补充呼吸道正常生理性菌群来维持呼吸道微生态的协调平衡，利用原籍菌群的生理性拮抗作用，抑制致病菌的生长，从而达到预防和治疗呼吸道感染的目的。目前，已有应用益生菌预防儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的报道[3]，但应用益生菌预防和治疗呼吸道感染的相关报道尚少。本研究随机选取60名沈阳市区30～50岁健康成人作为研究对象，对呼吸道正常菌群中的可培养菌进行定量定性研究，现将结果报道如下。 (徐佳 陈魁敏 陈冬梅)
[关键词]呼吸道；需氧菌；厌氧菌；微生态；成人
[中图分类号] R117 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2017)03(a)-0156-03
[Abstract]Objective To understand the diversity of the upper respiratory tract microflora and the constitution of dominant microflora in healthy adults so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of respiratory tract infections via oral approach.Methods Altogether 60 healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang from April to June in 2012 were randomly selected as the objects of this research.The samples were collected through aseptic throat swab.The quantitative analysis and qualitative identification of microflora were made.Results The proportion between postpharyngeal aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in 60 healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang was 2.51：1；the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with higher detection rate included Streptococcus mitis，Streptococcus oralis，Streptococcus salivarius，Neisseria sicca，Neisseria cinerea and Measles twin cocci，Anaerococcus prevotii，Veillonella，Propionibacterium propionicus etc.；the bacteria with higher detection rate also had higher constituent ratio of strains.Conclusion The dominant microflora of upper respiratory tract pharynx is constituted by both the postpharyngeal aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria with higher detection rate and higher constituent ratio in healthy adults aged 30 to 50 years old in the urban area of Shenyang，which plays an important role in maintaining the inherent ecological balance in the respiratory system，further clarifies its ecological significance，and provides a theoretical basis for the research on application of alternative probiotic strains in development of respiratory bacteria preparation.
[Key words]Respiratory tract；Aerobic bacteria；Anaerobic bacteria；Micro-ecology；Adult
呼吸道是與外界相通的开放性腔道，受环境的影响较大。在健康人的咽部寄居着一定种类和数量的正常微生物群，即呼吸道正常菌群。在外界因素影响下，这些正常菌群不断演替以维持呼吸系统微生态的动态平衡[1]。在环境污染、抗生素滥用等因素的影响下，正常菌群中的某些菌株会转变为条件致病菌[2]。由于呼吸道菌群定性与定量上的稳定性受外环境的影响较大，因此给临床呼吸道感染的治疗增加了很多难度，这使得从微生态学角度预防和治疗呼吸道感染势在必行。通过适时、适当、适量补充呼吸道正常生理性菌群来维持呼吸道微生态的协调平衡，利用原籍菌群的生理性拮抗作用，抑制致病菌的生长，从而达到预防和治疗呼吸道感染的目的。目前，已有应用益生菌预防儿童抗生素相关性腹泻的报道[3]，但应用益生菌预防和治疗呼吸道感染的相关报道尚少。本研究随机选取60名沈阳市区30～50岁健康成人作为研究对象，对呼吸道正常菌群中的可培养菌进行定量定性研究，现将结果报道如下。 (徐佳 陈魁敏 陈冬梅)